Kesalahan persepsi partisan dan eskalasi konflik

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Survey evidence from a tribal/local government conflict

Penelitian terdahulu menghasilkan temuan bahwa partisan bagi sebuah konflik cenderung memperkuat ekstrimisme dari opini lawan mereka berkenaan dengan isu-isu yang dipersengketakan. Di dalam penelitian kali ini, peneliti mengamati sebuah konflik yang sedang berlangsung antara Suku Nez Perce dan pemerintah lokal non-suku yang beroperasi di dalam wilayah Nez Perce Reservation. Survei penelitian ini berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya. Pertama, peneliti membedakan antara pejabat dan konstituen pada masing-masing pihak yang bertikai. Kedua, peneliti membandingkannya dengan konflik-konflik lain yang telah diteliti dan menemukan bahwa konflik yang ditemukan selama pengamatan memiliki relevansi persona yang lebih besar. Konflik yang dimaksud bukan mengenai kebijakan-kebijakan abstrak atau pihak ketiga, melainkan tentang tindakan-tindakan potensial spesifik yang memberikan keuntungan langsung bagi salah satu pihak dan kerugian langsung bagi pihak lain. Afinitas dari tindakan-tindakan yang menguntungkan salah satu pihak dan membahayakan pihak lain disebut diberi atribut 'offensiveness' dan antipati terhadap tindakan-tindakann yang membahayakan salah satu pihak namun menguntungkan pihak lain diberi atribut 'defensiveness'. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa partisipan itu sendiri lebih bersikap defensif. Akan tetapi, partisipan secara konsisten memperkuat sikap ofensif dari pejabat yang berada di pihak lain, namun tidak memperkuat pihak konstituen. Partisipan cenderung mengabaikan sikap defensif dari pihak lain baik pejabat maupun konstituen.

Authors: 
Keith G. Allred
Kennedy School of Management Harvard University
Kessely Hong
Kennedy School of Management Harvard University
Joseph P. Kalt
Kennedy School of Management Harvard University

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