Pengaruh mekanisasi panen padi dari perspektif ekonomi

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Mahrouf A. R. M., Rafeek M. I. M. Mechanization of paddy harvesting: the economic perspective. Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Peradeniya.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang potensi penggunaan mesin pemanen yang disebut dengan combine harvester untuk pertanian padi dan pengaruhnya terhadap ketepatan waktu (timeliness), biaya panen, hasil tanam, pendapatan dari pertanian dan ketenagakerjaan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa mesin pemanen mempercepat proses pemanenan, mengurangi biaya panen, menekan kerugian pascapanen, menambah pendapatan petani dan membantu petani untuk mengatasi kekurangan tenaga kerja pada saat puncak musim panen.Mesin pemanen mengganti kerja tenaga manusia hingga 80-85 persen, mengurangi biaya panen hingga Rs. 3800 tiap hektar dan menambah net return hingga sekitar Rs. 7850 per hektar. Kondisi sawah seperti kerapatan tanaman, kedewasaan tanaman, kelembaban tanah, populasi rumput, plot size, lodging dan keterampilan operator menjadi faktor-faktor penentu bagi efisiensi panen. Model yang saat ini dipergunakan: Kubota SKYROAD Pro 481 memiliki kemampuan panen 1,5-2 hektar per hari. Mesin pemanen merupakan sebuah peralatan yang memberikan hasil yang mengesankan karena dapat mengurangi biaya produksi padi hingga 10-15 persen dan menambah asupan jerami ke dalam tanah, serta mengurangi kerugian pascapanen. Analisis kali ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang positif terhadap kesejahteraan dan ketahanan finansial. Sedangkan pengaruh negatif dari aplikasi mesin pemanen ditemukan pada berkurangnya kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan buruh tani pada masa panen. meskipun mesin pemanen telah diterima oleh petani, namun harganya masih mahal, yakni sekitar Rs. 3,8 juta per unit, sehingga sebagian besar petani enggan berinvestasi untuk membeli mesin tersebut. Namun demikian, popularitas mesin pemanen tersebut di daerah-daerah utama penghasil padi dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan insentif finansial kepada perusahaan/organisasi petani dan dengan mengadakan program-program pelatihan yang tepat.

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