Pariwisata untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan

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Referensi:
Kamp C., Mangalasseri S. (2017). End poverty in all its forms everywhere. In: Transforming Tourism: Tourism in the 2030 Agenda. Berlin, Germany: ECPAT Deutschland e.V. pp. 10-15.

Kita bertekad bahwa tidak ada seorangpun yang tidak ikut serta (United Nations General Assembly, 2015, p. 1). Guna mencapai pembangunan yang berkelanjutan, pengentasan kemiskinan menjadi sasaran nomor satu Agenda 2030. Memastikan bahwa "tidak seorangpun yang tidak ikut serta" (no one is  left behind) telah didefinisikan sebagai sebuah prinsip pedoman yang fundamental. Pariwisata untuk pengentasan kemiskinan telah dibahas dan dipromosikan oleh berbagai lembaga, sering disertai dengan sebuah fokus "trickle-down effect" pariwisata -- gagasan bahwa keuntungan ekonomi dari industri ini akan selanjutnya menjangkau masyarakat miskin (jika memang tidak mampu mencapai masyarakat yang termiskin). Akan tetapi, pengalaman-pengalaman dari banyak tujuan wisata telah menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata belum tentu memenuhi janji "trickle-down" tersebut, dan justru sebaliknya, menambah angka kemiskinan karena munculnya kesenjangan. Pada industri pariwisata de-regulasi dan pelanggaran terhadap hak pekerja telah menyebabkan pengangguran dan kesenjangan sosial. Kehidupan dan perikehidupan jutaan perempuan dan laki-laki belum mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Tanpa partisipasi yang bermakna dan usaha yang serius untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat miskin, termiskin dan terpencil, pariwisata tidak akan menjadi sebuh opsi bagi pengentasan kemiskinan.

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