Teori Jean Watson tentang Keperawatan

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Menurut Jean Watson keperawatan berfokus pada peningkatan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, perawatan yang sakit dan pemulihan kesehatan. Perawatan memperhatikan peningkatan kesehatan sepadan dengan pengobatan penyakit. Keperawatan didefinisikan sebagai berikut:

Ilmu tentang manusia dan pengalaman sehat sakit manusia yang didapatkan melalui transaksi profesional, ilmiah, estetis dan etis.

Tujuan keperawatan (melalui proses keperawatan) adalah membantu orang untuk mencapai derajat harmoni yang tinggi dari dirinya dengan sasaran untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan diri, penyembuhan atau memperoleh makna dari apa yang terjadi dalam hidup ini.

Konsep utama Keperawatan

1. Manusia.
Adalah seseorang yang berharga yang perlu dirawat, dihormati, dipelihara, dipahami, dan dibantu. Secara fisiologis manusia dipandang sebagai pengintegrasian diri secara penuh. Manusia dipandang sebagai lebih dari kesimpulan organ-organ.
2. Kesehatan
Aspek-aspek kesehatan menurut WHO meliputi a) tingkat yang tinggi dan seluruh fisik, mental, dan fungsi sosial, b) tingkat pemeliharaan adaptasi umum dalam fungsi sehari-hari, dan c) tidak adanya penyakit atau tidak ada usaha untuk menghilangkan penyakit.
3. Lingkungan/masyarakat
Salah satu variabel yang mempengaruhi kesehatan adalah lingkungan sosial/masyarakat yang menentukan nilai-nilai yang mengatur bagaimana seseorang bertingkah laku dan tujuan apa yang akan dicapai.

Tujuan Keperawatan

Ialah membantu orang mencapai derajat harmoni yang tinggi dari dirinya dengan sasaran untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan penyembuhan diri atau untuk memperoleh makna dari yang terjadi di dalam hidup.

Sumber:
Marilyn M. Friedman (1995)
Fundamental of Nursing

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