Pengelolaan limbah pada unit pelayanan dasar di negara Brasil

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Banyak sekali pengguna pelayanan di pusat-pusat pelayanan kesehatan dasar di negara Brasil, baik yang mendapatkan pelayanan di fasilitas maupun di rumah sendiri. Pelayanan tersebut menghasilkan limbah yang harus dikelola secara aman, tetapi belum ada peraturan yang membatasi jenis pengelolaan limbah di negara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengkaji produksi dan pengelolaan limbah pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Sebuah observasi langsung dilakukan dalam tahapan-tahapan penanganan dan pengukuran limbah yang dihasilkan oleh unit-unit pelayanan kesehatan dasar di kota Goiania (Brasil). Unit-unit tersebut menghasilkan limbah yang menyebabkan infeksi, limbah kimia dan limbah biasa, serta benda-benda tajam. Limbah yang dihasilkan tiap hari berkisar antara 0.027 dan 0.075 kilogram tiap pengguna. Limbah tersebut sebagian besar diklasifikasikan sebagai limbah biasa dan dapat didaur ulang. Kelalaian ditemukan di dalam pengelolaan semua jenis limbah. Inti dari semuanya ialah segregasi. Hanya terdapat 34.1% dari limbah terbuang yang menyebabkan infeksi berasal dari kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan, sementara jenis limbah lainnya adalah limbah biasa. Kelalaian pda tahap ini menambah volume limbah yang menyebabkan infeksi, resiko di tempat kerja dan resiko lingkungan, serta biaya pengelolaan. Intervensi untuk mengubah realita tersebut diperlukan dan dengan demikian memerlukan penyusunan sebuah rencana pengelolaan sampah yang cermat, dengan mengadakan perubahan-perubahan struktural untuk pelaksanaan rencana tersebut, serta pelatihan profesional dan kebijakan publik untuk membimbing pengelolaan limbah yang berasal dari kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan dasar, khususnya yang dihasilkan dari rumah tangga.

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