Perbudakan di Amerika Serikat

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Judul asli: "Slavery in the United States"
Penulis: Joel Olson.
Sumber: "Encyclopedia of Political Theory", 2010, SAGE Publications, 16 Agustus 2011.

John Locke dan Jean-Jacques Rousseau menganggap perbudakan sebagai sebuah masalah intelektual; Thomas Jefferson, John Calhoun, dan Frederick Douglass hidup pada masa perbudakan. Hal inilah yang menggugah C. L. R. James untuk tetap menelaah perbandingan pandangan tentang perbudakan antara orang Amerika dan orang Eropa. Amerika memandang perbudakan sebagai pertanyaan filosofis empiris, sedangkan orang Eropa memandangnya sebagai pertanyaan filosofis. Perbudakan menjadi isu pokok yang menentukan di dalam politik Amerika abad ke-19.

Perbudakan di Amerika adalah pertarungan antara usaha pemilik budak untuk melahirkan "kematian sosial" atas budak dan usaha budak untuk mencari kebebasan dan membentuk masyarakat.

Perbudakan mendominasi perdebatan politik pada masanya. Hubungan generasi revolusioner dengan perbudakan bersifat kompleks dan sarat konflik terkait dengan moralitas dan kebutuhannya. Usaha untuk mencari kebebasan membuat para patriot menjadi peduli terhadap kontradiksi antara tuntutan kebebasan dan kepemilikan budak. George Washington secara pribadi mengungkapkan dukungannya kepada penghapusan secara bertahap perbudakan dan membebaskan para budaknya dari kematian. Thomas Jefferson memiliki rasa keberatan moral terhadap perbudakan pula, meskipun ia merupakan salah satu orang pertama yang menyatakan bahwa orang kulit hitam berkedudukan di bawah orang kulit putih. James Madison memilih penghapusan secara bertahap diikuti dengan kolonisasi orang kulit hitam di Afrika.

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