Ringkasan Jurnal Penelitian

Strategi program ini dikemukakan oleh Jane Knight (1999) dalam tulisannya berjudul " Internationalisation of Higher Education " (OECD, 1999). Strategi program ini secara garis besar terbagi menjadi empat kategori, yakni 1) program akademik, 2) kerjasama riset dan keilmuan, 3) kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal baik domestik maupun luar negeri. Tujuan dari strategi ini ialah untuk mendukung integrasi internasionalisasi pendidikan tinggi, sebuah fenomena pendidikan yang sedang menjadi salah satu isu utama di berbagai negara saat ini, seiring dengan terjadinya globalisasi. Program Akademik Program Akademik merupakan strategi yang paling sering di mewarnai sebagian besar kegiatan internasionalisasi. Bidang ini menjadi favorit sebagian besar pelaku internasionalisasi di berbagai negara. Program akademik dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut: - program pertukaran mahasiswa - pendidikan bahasa asing - pengadaan kurikulum internasional - s...

Researchers: Chris Wharton , John Fenwick , and Hilary Fawcett Publisher: Routledge Documentation: International Journal of Public Administration The article explores the bidding process for the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) award, an aspect of local regeneration policy reliant upon a specific conception of culture. The process is examined in terms of changes in urban layout, manifestations of cultural and community identity, media representations, and the spectacle of culture, gender, and locality. The process is viewed as an urban managerialist project, driven by private and public sector elites in pursuit of economic rather than cultural goals. A narrow and particular view of culture was employed in the bidding process to achieve essentially managerial goals, and cut adrift from significant issues of gender, identity, and class. “Culture,” as conceived within the ECOC process, is viewed as a policy product of local government, regeneration partnerships, government agencies...

Researcher: Jan-Hinrik Meyer-Sahling , Kutsal Yeslkagit Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Journal of European Public Policy This article compares the status of historical legacies in explanations of administrative reform in Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. It addresses the puzzle that legacy effects in both regions are associated with institutional resilience and persistence even though the administrative history in these two regions differs considerably. The article clarifies the terminological differences between legacies, legacy explanations, legacy effects and administrative traditions. It then identifies three differences between administrative traditions in Europe East and West and argues that these differences matter for a tradition’s reproductive capacity, i.e., the degree to which an administrative tradition can act as a persistence-breeding force for contemporary administrative developments. The differences between East and West are (1) the long-term sta...

Researchers: Scott L. Greer , Simone Rauscher Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Journal of European Public Policy European Union (EU) patient mobility law creates destabilization rights: rights for citizens that would, if consistently applied, destabilize law, administration and finance for healthcare systems across the EU. This article focuses on the responses of the destabilized organizations and their efforts to restabilize their legal situation. We argue that it takes place through two decisions: a decision about whether or not to change procedures in response to the new right; and a decision about whether or not to lobby to circumscribe the new right. Our qualitative research in Germany and the UK found some differences in responses, but across the board the incumbent organizations and governments opted for very limited compliance and considerable  engagement in EU politics as their preferred strategy for responding to the new destabilization rights. Hak destabilisas...

Researchers: Peter V. Hall and Wouter Jacobs Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Regional Studies Economic geographers argue that spatial and non-spatial dimensions of proximity are central to innovation and collective action. The various dimensions of proximity in relation to maritime ports are examined. Global  supply chains represent a shift in organizational and cognitive proximities between seaports and among port users. In the process, extra-local relationships have become even more influential in maritime port development. As organizational proximity between dominant port users has increased through vertical and horizontal integration, territorially based institutional and social proximities, especially as regards stable and shared regulatory systems, are increasingly important as a counterbalance to ensure openness to innovation and upgrading. Mengubah Kedekatan: Sektor Pelabuhan Maritim dalam Era Rantai Persediaan Global Sejumlah ahli geografi berpendapat bahwa ...

Researcher: Andreas Tjernshaugen Publisher: Routlege Documentation: Environmental Politics Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has enjoyed stronger political support in Norway than in other countries. Early CCS initiatives were motivated by the challenge of reconciling relatively ambitious climate policy  argets with growing emissions from Norway’s offshore oil and gas operations, whose expertise and project opportunities formed the basis for these initiatives. The early start of the CCS debate created political path dependence effects, including recruitment of much of the environmental sector (government agencies and some NGOs) as CCS promoters. Paradoxically, the historical absence from Norway of fossilbased power generation also favoured CCS. Initiatives to add gas-fired generating capacity to Norway’s previously emissions-free power supply created an entrenched conflict in which CCS became a politically necessary compromise. The more recent growth in political support for CCS...

Researcher: Peter Andree Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Environmental Politics Despite the government of Canada’s close relationship with the biotechnology industry, critical social movement organisations have had a significant impact on the adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in that country. Two cases of products rejected after widespread resistance – recombinant bovine growth hormone (1999) and herbicide-tolerant Roundup Ready (RR) Wheat (2004) – are revisited. Informed by empirical research that brings to light new factors shaping the RR wheat outcome in particular, two theoretical arguments are advanced. First, in response to those critics of a neo-Gramscian framing of hegemony who see it as overlydeterministic, these cases highlight just how deeply alliances with hegemonic ambitions may be forced to compromise. Second, these cases demonstrate that any study of civil society must still pay close attention to institutional and material ‘relations of force’ w...

Researcher: David Aubin Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Environmental Politics Water scarcity increases with growing human pressure and threatens the coexistence between heterogeneous users. Rival water users negotiate their competing claims by activating rules, and confronting them to come to local arrangements. The type of local arrangement capable of overcoming rivalry depends on the power that rules confer on the respective users. The property rights or public policies activated confer a role of owner or final beneficiary on the users. If two owners confront one another, then a transactional arrangement is needed: the users reach agreement and share the costs of the arrangement. Alternatively, if a final beneficiary confronts an owner, then a compensatory arrangement is necessary. In this situation, the state must compensate the loss of property financially. The qualitative comparison of four cases of water rivalries partially refutes these initial assumptions and reveals ...

Researchers: Nikoleta Jones , Constantinos P. Halavadakis , Costas M. Sophoulis Publisher: Routledge Documentation: Environmental Politics Four main components of social capital are identified: social trust, institutional trust, social networks and compliance with social norms. A theoretical analysis explores the links between these components and environmental behaviour and policy in order to lay the ground for an investigation of the influence of social capital on the implementation of environmental policy. The influence of social capital on citizens’ behaviour connected with two solid waste management policies is investigated empirically by means of a survey. The findings indicate some differentiation regarding the influence of the components of social capital upon environmental behaviour in the context of different environmental policies. Modal sosial dan kebijakan manajemen limbah padat rumah tangga: studi kasus di Mytilene, Yunani Jurnal ini mengidentifikasi empat komp...

Researchers: Yan-Shih Lin, Belinda E. Medlyn, David S. Ellsworth Documentation: Oxford Journals (2011) The response of photosynthesis to temperature is a central facet of plant response to climate. Such responses have been found to be highly variable among species and among studies. Understanding this variability is key when trying to predict the effects of rising global temperatures on plant productivity. There are three major factors affecting the response of leaf net photosynthesis to temperature (An–T): (i) photosynthetic biochemistry, (ii) respiration and (iii) vapour pressure deficit (D) and stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit during measurements. The overall goal of our study was to quantify the relative contribution of each of these factors in determining the response of An to temperature. We first conducted a sensitivity analysis with a coupled photosynthesis–stomatal (An–gs) model, using ranges for parameters of each factor taken from the literature, and quan...

Researcher: Michael E. Smith Publisher: Journal of European Public Policy The European Union (EU) is one of the most unusual global political actors, and it inspires numerous scholarly debates about its power and purpose. One of the most important such debates involves the role of material versus non-material/ideational power resources – or hard versus soft power – in understanding the EU’s ‘actorness’. Given the increasingly wide range of EU policy competencies, and the increasingly complex  demands placed on the EU, this article embeds this debate in the larger context of grand strategy. It first argues that the EU’s efforts as a global actor do conform to three basic components of grand strategy: physical security; economic prosperity; and value projection. Second, it analyses the content of the EU’s grand strategic goals at three levels of analysis: intra-EU; regional (or neighbourhood); and global. Finally, it analyses the EU’s implementation of its (largely liberal) strategi...

Researcher: Scott Kennedy Publisher: China Quarterly Although China has had difficulty improving the performance of its banks and stock markets, it has struggled  even more to develop a credit rating industry. Credit rating agencies (CRA), which provide bondratings, are vital to financial markets in advanced capitalist countries, but China’s credit rating companies are weak and have had little influence over the behaviour of those who issue or invest in bonds. Some argue that CRAs gain authority through their strong reputation in the eyes of market participants, but the experience of rating agencies in China supports evidence from elsewhere that their private authority is largely dependent on government mandate, a benefit China’s CRAs have only recently begun toenjoy. Many private actors, from trade associations to charity groups, are struggling to gain public influence in China, but credit rating agencies may be the best barometer to measure the Chinese government’s general stanc...

Researchers: Richard R Lau, Ivy Brown Rovner Publisher: Annual Review of Political Science (2008) The past two decades have seen an explosion of social science research on negative political advertising as the number of political observers complaining about its use if not negative campaigning itself has also grown dramatically. This article reviews the literature on negative campaigning, what candidates are most likely to attack their opponent, under what circumstances, and most importantly, to what effect. We also discuss the many serious methodological issues that make studying media effects of any kind so difficult, and make suggestions for best practices in conducting media research. Contrary to popular belief, there is little scientific evidence that attacking ones opponent is a particularly effective campaign technique, or that it has deleterious effects on our system of government.We conclude with a discussion of whether negative political advertising is bad for democracy. ...

Author: Yongshun Cai Publisher: China Quarterly, 2008, Vol.193 (24-42) Local governments are responsible for dealing with many of the instances of resistance in China, and an important mode of response which they use is suppression. This article examines the rationale behind local governments’ use of this mode of response. It shows that Chinese citizens who stage resistance are in a weak legal position because their actions often violate the law or government regulations. Given local governments’ discretion in interpreting citizens’ action, suppression becomes the option when concessions are difficult to make and citizen resistance threatens social stability, policy implementation or local officials’ images. However, suppression has not stopped popular resistance, and it remains a channel through which citizens defend or pursue their legitimate rights in China. Penggunaan tekanan oleh pemerintah lokal terhadap resitensi rakyat di Cina Pemerintah lokal di negara Cina bertanggun...