Non-owners' success: confrontations of rules in rivalries between water users in Belgium and Switzerland

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Researcher: David Aubin
Publisher: Routledge
Documentation: Environmental Politics

Water scarcity increases with growing human pressure and threatens the coexistence between heterogeneous users. Rival water users negotiate their competing claims by activating rules, and confronting them to come to local arrangements. The type of local arrangement capable of overcoming rivalry depends on the power that rules confer on the respective users. The property rights or public policies activated confer a role of owner or final beneficiary on the users. If two owners confront one another, then a transactional arrangement is needed: the users reach agreement and share the costs of the arrangement. Alternatively, if a final beneficiary confronts an owner, then a compensatory arrangement is necessary. In this situation, the state must compensate the loss of property financially. The qualitative comparison of four cases of water rivalries partially refutes these initial assumptions and reveals that non-owners can succeed against owners when they successfully activate public policies.


Kemenangan kasus untuk bukan pemilik (sumber daya air): pertentangan peraturan antara pengguna air di Belgia dan Swiss


Kelangkaan air semakin terjadi dengan semakin beratnya tekanan kebutuhan manusia dan mengancam koeksistensi antara pengguna sumber daya air yang heterogen. Para pengguna air yang saling bersaing bernegosiasi guna membahas sengketa klaim atas penggunaan air dengan menetapkan dan memberlakukan aturan, dan mengajukannya kepada pemerintah di mana mereka berada. Jenis ketentuan lokal yang mampu menanggulangi sengketa dan persaingan bergantung pada kewenangan dari aturan tersebut atas pengguna yang bersangkutan. Hak kepemilikan atau kebijakan-kebijakan publik yang diberlakukan mengatur peran pemilik atau keuntungan akhir pada pihak pengguna. Jika di antara pemilik terjadi konfrontasi, maka pemecahannya diatur oleh ketentuan transaksional: pengguna mencapai kesepakatan dan secara bersama menanggung biaya ketentuan. Jika tidak, jika pengguna akhir terlibat konfrontasi dengan pemilik, maka pemecahannya diatur oleh ketentuan kompensatori. Dalam situasi demikian, pemerintah harus memberikan kompensasi finansial atas kerugian hak milik yang diderita. Perbandingan kualitatif terhadap empat kasus persaingan untuk mendapatkan air tidak membuktikan asumsi-asumsi awal tersebut di atas dan membuktikan bahwa pihak bukan pemilik dapat memenangkan kasus melawan pemilik jika pihak bukan pemilik berhasil menjalankan kebijakan publik.

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