Menguatnya Dukungan Politik bagi Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) di Norwegia

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Researcher: Andreas Tjernshaugen
Publisher: Routlege
Documentation: Environmental Politics

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has enjoyed stronger political support in Norway than in other countries. Early CCS initiatives were motivated by the challenge of reconciling relatively ambitious climate policy  argets with growing emissions from Norway’s offshore oil and gas operations, whose expertise and project opportunities formed the basis for these initiatives. The early start of the CCS debate created political path dependence effects, including recruitment of much of the environmental sector (government agencies and some NGOs) as CCS promoters. Paradoxically, the historical absence from Norway of fossilbased power generation also favoured CCS. Initiatives to add gas-fired generating capacity to Norway’s previously emissions-free power supply created an entrenched conflict in which CCS became a politically necessary compromise. The more recent growth in political support for CCS in other countries may be explained by the fact that governments increasingly experience similar, politically difficult climate/energy policy dilemmas.

Menguatnya Dukungan Politik bagi CCS di Norwegia 
Dibandingkan dengan negara lain, Carbon capture and storage (CCS) di negara Norwegia mendapatkan dukungan politik yang lebih kuat dan solid. Inisiatif-inisiatif CCS yang ada sebelumnya didorong oleh tantangan untuk merekonsiliasi target-target kebijakan iklim yang relatif ambisius dengan semakin tingginya tingkat emisi dari kegiatan pengeboran minyak dan gas di lepas pantai Norwegia, yang peluang keahlian dan proyeknya membentuk basis bagi inisiatif CCS tersebut. Tahap awal perdebatan tentang CCS menciptakan pengaruh 'path dependence' politik, termasuk di antaranya rekrutmen dalam sektor lingkungan (lembaga pemerintah dan NGO) sebagai promotor CCS. Ironisnya, Norwegia yang tidak memiliki riwayat penggunaan pembangkit tenaga dari fosil juga menunjukkan minat terhadap CCS. Inisiatif untuk menambah kapasitas pembangkit tenaga gas untuk catu daya bebas emisi yang sebelumnya diterapkan di Norwegia menimbulkan konflik yang berkepanjangan, sehingga CCS menjadi sebuah kompromi yang secara politis diperlukan. Perkembangan terakhir mengenai dukungan politik kepada CCS di negara-negara lain mungkin dapat dijelaskan oleh fakta bahwa pemerintah masing-masing negara tersebut sama-sama menghadapi dilema kebijakan iklim/energi yang secara politis sulit untuk dipecahkan.

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