Strategi program intenasionalisasi pendidikan tinggi

-
Strategi program ini dikemukakan oleh Jane Knight (1999) dalam tulisannya berjudul "Internationalisation of Higher Education" (OECD, 1999). Strategi program ini secara garis besar terbagi menjadi empat kategori, yakni 1) program akademik, 2) kerjasama riset dan keilmuan, 3) kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal baik domestik maupun luar negeri. Tujuan dari strategi ini ialah untuk mendukung integrasi internasionalisasi pendidikan tinggi, sebuah fenomena pendidikan yang sedang menjadi salah satu isu utama di berbagai negara saat ini, seiring dengan terjadinya globalisasi.

Program Akademik

Program Akademik merupakan strategi yang paling sering di mewarnai sebagian besar kegiatan internasionalisasi. Bidang ini menjadi favorit sebagian besar pelaku internasionalisasi di berbagai negara.

Program akademik dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- program pertukaran mahasiswa
- pendidikan bahasa asing
- pengadaan kurikulum internasional
- studi-studi bidang tematik
- program bekerja/belajar ke luar negeri
- penerimaan mahasiswa internasional
- proses belajar/mengajar
- program "joint degree" dan "double degree"
- pelatihan lintas budaya
- program mobilitas fakultas/staf
- pengadaan dosen dan ahli tamu
- hubungan antara program akademik dan riset, pelatihan dan bantuan pengembangan

Kerjama riset dan keilmuan

Strategi-strategi yang berhubungan dengan kategori ini dapat meliputi sifat dasar dari penelitian, metodologi, kolaborator riset dan distribusi penelitian/pengetahuan. Kategori ini memberikan arah bagi cara-cara pengintegrasian dimensi internasional, dimensi lintas budaya atau dimensi perbandingan.

Kerjasama riset dan keilmuan dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- pusat-pusat bidang dan tema
- proyek riset kerjasama
- konferensi dan seminar internasional
- penerbitan artikel dan paper
- perjanjian riset internasional
- program pertukaran peneliti dan mahasiswa (khususnya jenjang sarjana)
- kerjasama riset internasional dalam bidang akademik dan bidang lainnya
- hubungan antara riset, kurikulum dan pengajaran

Hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal (domestik dan luar negeri)
Kategori ini meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan komersial, pembentukan jaringan dan konsorsium antarinstitusi pendidikan dan sektor swasta. Melalui strategi ini maka terjadilah perubahan orientasi dan bobot internasionalisasi.

Hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- kerjasama dan proyek berbasis masyarakat dengan kelompok-kelompok nonpemerintah atau perusahaan-perusahaan sektor swasta
- proyek bantuan pengembangan internasional
- program pelatihan modifikasi/kontrak ke luar negeri
- hubungan antara proyek pengembangan dan kegiatan pelatihan dengan pengajaran dan riset
- pelayanan masyarakat dan kerja proyek lintas budaya
- partisipasi di dalam jaringan internasional
- program pengembangan alumni di luar negeri

Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler

Kegiatan-kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dapat menjadi cara yang efektif untuk melakukan internasionalisasi secara total pengalaman pendidikan bak mahasiswa domestik maupun mahasiswa internasional serta membantu membawa perspektif perbandingan ke dalam ruang kuliah.

Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- komunitas dan asosiasi mahasiswa
- penyelenggaraan acara kampus internasional dan lintas budaya
- jalinan kerjasama dengan kelompok-kelompok budaya berbasis masyarakat
- sistem bantuan sosial, budaya dan akademik

Referensi:

Knight, J. 1994. Internationalisation: Elements and Checkpoints, Canadian Bureau for International Education, Ottawa.

Knight, J., H. de Wit. 1995. "Strategies for Internationalisation of Higher Education: Historical and Conceptual Perspectives", in H. de With (ed.), Strategies for Internationalisation of Higher Education - A Comparative Study of Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States of America, European Association for International Education, Amsterdam.

Popular posts from this blog

Healthcare Waste in the United States Healthcare System

-
How America will pay for healthcare is a subject on the mind of virtually every American today. As Congress determines who will pick up the tab for this important and growing expense, it is worthwhile to take a close look at the cost of healthcare itself. Are there areas where expenses can be cut without undermining the quality of care provided? How prevalent are misuse, overuse, and fraud? This paper tackles the tangled issue of healthcare waste and arrives at some interesting, and perhaps even surprising, conclusions: America’s healthcare system is, indeed, hemorrhaging billions of dollars, and the opportunities to slow the fiscal bleeding are substantial. To organize the evidence supporting claims for the magnitude of waste in the healthcare system,we first suggest a set of categories of waste. For each category, there is a simple definition, a brief description of the examples, and references that allow us to make a reasonable assessment of total annual waste for each category. Ca
Read more

International Forestry LawReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) and decentralized forest management

-
Authors: Irawan, S.; Tacconi, L The implementation of a mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD - plus) will be affected by governance conditions within host countries. The top eight countries, which are responsible for 70 percent of the world's total annual deforestation, have implemented certain forms of decentralization in public administration and forest management. This paper analyzes implications of decentralized forest management for the implementation of REDD. Three possible options for the involvement of local governments in the implementation of REDD are: 1) the central government decides on a national reference level and devolves the implementation to local governments; 2) the central government decides on a national reference level and seeks expressions of interest from local governments to implement REDD in their administrative areas; and 3) the central and local governments decide on a national reference level jointly and loc
Read more

A study of drinking water quality of PDAM

-
One of problems faced by community dealing with water services provided by the State-owned Water Company (PDAM) is inadequacy of the services in fulfilling household needs. Customers often complain because this limited volume of water they can use for daily activities, such the research found in a service quality analysis of drinking water provided by PDAM. The study on service quality may have its cornerstones on three main aspects: the quality, quantity, and continuity.  In case of drinking water quality at the observed location, one should relate it to the quality threshold under the Letter of Decree of the Minister of Health Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Kepmenkes RI, No.907/MENKES/SK/VII 2002, which has been applicable since July 28, 2002. In addition, there is also another technique of analysis to measure the water quality level by examining water debit, water pressure, and flow continuity. However, to deal with PDAM’s vision and mission, service quality analysis is lik
Read more