Strategi program intenasionalisasi pendidikan tinggi

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Strategi program ini dikemukakan oleh Jane Knight (1999) dalam tulisannya berjudul "Internationalisation of Higher Education" (OECD, 1999). Strategi program ini secara garis besar terbagi menjadi empat kategori, yakni 1) program akademik, 2) kerjasama riset dan keilmuan, 3) kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal baik domestik maupun luar negeri. Tujuan dari strategi ini ialah untuk mendukung integrasi internasionalisasi pendidikan tinggi, sebuah fenomena pendidikan yang sedang menjadi salah satu isu utama di berbagai negara saat ini, seiring dengan terjadinya globalisasi.

Program Akademik

Program Akademik merupakan strategi yang paling sering di mewarnai sebagian besar kegiatan internasionalisasi. Bidang ini menjadi favorit sebagian besar pelaku internasionalisasi di berbagai negara.

Program akademik dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- program pertukaran mahasiswa
- pendidikan bahasa asing
- pengadaan kurikulum internasional
- studi-studi bidang tematik
- program bekerja/belajar ke luar negeri
- penerimaan mahasiswa internasional
- proses belajar/mengajar
- program "joint degree" dan "double degree"
- pelatihan lintas budaya
- program mobilitas fakultas/staf
- pengadaan dosen dan ahli tamu
- hubungan antara program akademik dan riset, pelatihan dan bantuan pengembangan

Kerjama riset dan keilmuan

Strategi-strategi yang berhubungan dengan kategori ini dapat meliputi sifat dasar dari penelitian, metodologi, kolaborator riset dan distribusi penelitian/pengetahuan. Kategori ini memberikan arah bagi cara-cara pengintegrasian dimensi internasional, dimensi lintas budaya atau dimensi perbandingan.

Kerjasama riset dan keilmuan dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- pusat-pusat bidang dan tema
- proyek riset kerjasama
- konferensi dan seminar internasional
- penerbitan artikel dan paper
- perjanjian riset internasional
- program pertukaran peneliti dan mahasiswa (khususnya jenjang sarjana)
- kerjasama riset internasional dalam bidang akademik dan bidang lainnya
- hubungan antara riset, kurikulum dan pengajaran

Hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal (domestik dan luar negeri)
Kategori ini meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan komersial, pembentukan jaringan dan konsorsium antarinstitusi pendidikan dan sektor swasta. Melalui strategi ini maka terjadilah perubahan orientasi dan bobot internasionalisasi.

Hubungan dan pelayanan eksternal dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- kerjasama dan proyek berbasis masyarakat dengan kelompok-kelompok nonpemerintah atau perusahaan-perusahaan sektor swasta
- proyek bantuan pengembangan internasional
- program pelatihan modifikasi/kontrak ke luar negeri
- hubungan antara proyek pengembangan dan kegiatan pelatihan dengan pengajaran dan riset
- pelayanan masyarakat dan kerja proyek lintas budaya
- partisipasi di dalam jaringan internasional
- program pengembangan alumni di luar negeri

Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler

Kegiatan-kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dapat menjadi cara yang efektif untuk melakukan internasionalisasi secara total pengalaman pendidikan bak mahasiswa domestik maupun mahasiswa internasional serta membantu membawa perspektif perbandingan ke dalam ruang kuliah.

Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dilakukan melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut:
- komunitas dan asosiasi mahasiswa
- penyelenggaraan acara kampus internasional dan lintas budaya
- jalinan kerjasama dengan kelompok-kelompok budaya berbasis masyarakat
- sistem bantuan sosial, budaya dan akademik

Referensi:

Knight, J. 1994. Internationalisation: Elements and Checkpoints, Canadian Bureau for International Education, Ottawa.

Knight, J., H. de Wit. 1995. "Strategies for Internationalisation of Higher Education: Historical and Conceptual Perspectives", in H. de With (ed.), Strategies for Internationalisation of Higher Education - A Comparative Study of Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States of America, European Association for International Education, Amsterdam.

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