Analisis komposisi kimia pada ikan

-
Analisis proksimat komposisi lemak pada ikan dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode-metode standar analisis Food Savety Regulation of Japan (Yamaji dan Sekiguchi, 1991). Kandungan air diukur melalui proses pengeringan menggunakan oven pada suhu 105 derajat Celcius. Kandungan lemak mentah dihitung menggunakan metode Soxhlet dengan bantuan diethyl ether untuk ekstraksi. Kandungan protein mentah dihitung menggunakan metode Kjedahl dan dengan mengalikan kandungan protein dengan konstanta 6,25. Kandungan abu dihitung melalui proses pemanasan pada suhu 550 derajat Celcius.

Untuk analisis kelas lemak, lemak mentah diamati dengan kromatografi kolom gel silika dan di-elusi dengan kloroform untuk lemak netral, dilanjutkan perlakuan menggunakan methanol untuk lemak kompleks. Campuran larutan eluent ini kemudian dipisahkan dengan alat evaporator berputar. Lemak yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapisan tipis melalui sistem solvent: n-heksana-ether-asam asetat (80:30:1, vol/vol/vol). Kelas-kelas lemak yang terpisah diidentifikasi berdasarkan referensi standar otentiknya.

Nilai karbonil (CV) dihitung dengan metode standar (Toyota, 1991). Senyawa reaktif thiobarturat (TBA) dihitung dengan metode distilasi uap yang telah dimodifikasi (Shibata dan Kinumaki, 1979).

Ikan yang digunakan dalam proses analisis komposisi lemak adalah spesies Y. lipolytica NRBC-10073. Ikan sampel dimasukkan ke dalam wadah steril yang mengandung unsur lemak. Untuk mengamati proses terjadinya pengurangan lemak pada sampel melalui fermentasi, wadah kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 20 derajat Celcius selama 72 jam, dan ditambah 10 volume diethyl ether untuk ekstraksi lemak mentah. Lemak mentah yang didapatkan kemudian dipisahkan dari lemak netral dan lemak kompleks menggunakan kromatografi kolom. Eksperimen ini dilakukan selama ini tiga kali pengulangan. Untuk mengamati perubahan oksidasi lemak dalam sampel dengan fermentasi, dan wadah diinkubasi pada suhu 20 derajat Celcius, sampel pada waktu inkubasi 0,24 dan 48 jam. Semua sampel ikan pada wadah kemudian disimpak dalam almari pendingin hingga proses analisis selesai. Nilai karbonil (CV) dan senyawa reaktif tiobarbiturat (TBA) ikan dihitung dengan metode tersebut di atas. Eksperimen ini dilakukan secara kuaterner.

Popular posts from this blog

Bureaucratic Issues in Indonesia

-
Reform experienced by Indonesia in 1998 has led to major change nationwide. The change took place as far as governmental administration process. Bureaucracy as part of the government’s job description, was also affected by the reform. The movement towards change required bureaucracy to be more neutral, transparent, responsive, and accountable, politically. Such demand has pushed the bureaucrats to create a new frame and characteristic building in answering their responsibility to fulfill the needs of people as their constituents. In practice, Indonesian bureaucracy truly needed more experience to anticipate this massive change. For example, there were still many handicaps in providing public services. This situation opposed to the previously idealized dream, a government as a good servant for the citizens. Many elements of the current government administration were reluctant to fulfill the people needs voluntarily. Bureaucracy, which initially aimed to simplify administration process,
Read more

Healthcare Waste in the United States Healthcare System

-
How America will pay for healthcare is a subject on the mind of virtually every American today. As Congress determines who will pick up the tab for this important and growing expense, it is worthwhile to take a close look at the cost of healthcare itself. Are there areas where expenses can be cut without undermining the quality of care provided? How prevalent are misuse, overuse, and fraud? This paper tackles the tangled issue of healthcare waste and arrives at some interesting, and perhaps even surprising, conclusions: America’s healthcare system is, indeed, hemorrhaging billions of dollars, and the opportunities to slow the fiscal bleeding are substantial. To organize the evidence supporting claims for the magnitude of waste in the healthcare system,we first suggest a set of categories of waste. For each category, there is a simple definition, a brief description of the examples, and references that allow us to make a reasonable assessment of total annual waste for each category. Ca
Read more

A study of drinking water quality of PDAM

-
One of problems faced by community dealing with water services provided by the State-owned Water Company (PDAM) is inadequacy of the services in fulfilling household needs. Customers often complain because this limited volume of water they can use for daily activities, such the research found in a service quality analysis of drinking water provided by PDAM. The study on service quality may have its cornerstones on three main aspects: the quality, quantity, and continuity.  In case of drinking water quality at the observed location, one should relate it to the quality threshold under the Letter of Decree of the Minister of Health Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Kepmenkes RI, No.907/MENKES/SK/VII 2002, which has been applicable since July 28, 2002. In addition, there is also another technique of analysis to measure the water quality level by examining water debit, water pressure, and flow continuity. However, to deal with PDAM’s vision and mission, service quality analysis is lik
Read more